基于延迟时间理论的n中取k系统检测区间模型

延迟时间理论广泛应用于系统维修领域,能够更为细致和准确地反映系统的运行状态.不同于一般维修理论只用一个阶段描述系统的故障过程,该理论将系统的故障过程分为两个阶段:正常阶段和缺陷运行阶段.系统部件的状态有正常、缺陷和故障3种情况.延迟时间理论主要应用于单部件系统和串联系统的维修和检测,目前尚未应用于n中取k系统.对此,运用延迟时间理论确定n中取k系统的最优维修检测区间,分别针对两种情况进行分析:一种是系统中部件的初始缺陷发生时间服从指数分布的情况,一种是其服从非指数分布的情况.建立单位时间维修费用模型和设计仿真过程,以单位时间维修费用最小为目标进行优化,求解系统的最优维修检测区间.最后通过数值案例表明所提出方法的有效性.     

一种面向网络连通性的关键网络元素脆弱性分析方法

准确评估网络系统脆弱性对于网络安全规划和风险管理至关重要.现有网络脆弱性分析方法大多利用单一特性识别脆弱元素,随着网络系统复杂化进程加快,多元化的脆弱性识别显得尤为重要.从攻击者的角度出发,提出一种面向网络连通性的关键元素脆弱性分析方法,识别网络中具有多重重要身份且破坏代价小的网络元素,利用局部分析措施确定网络关键元素并将网络连通性作为脆弱性衡量指标,以识别出关键元素中可致使网络连通性特定降级的最小代价集合.仿真结果表明,所提出方案对脆弱元素的定位更加准确,可为网络安全防护措施的制定提供有效且可靠的参考.     

Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis over SO42−/Ce0.84Zr0.16O2–WO3–ZrO2 for N,N-diethylation of aniline with ethanol

Herein, a new mechanism involving Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis for aniline N,N-diethylation with ethanol was proposed, and the SO₄²⁻/Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂–WO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst (SCWZ) with both Lewis acid sites and oxygen vacancies was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, which shows better catalytic activity than the reported solid acidic catalysts. Besides, the SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂ (SZ) and SO₄²⁻/WO₃–ZrO₂ (SWZ) catalysts were also prepared and compared with SCWZ to investigate the synergistic effect of each component. The SO₄²⁻ and WO₃ mainly generate Lewis acid by bonding with ZrO₂, which is beneficial for the fracture of the N–H bond in aniline. The Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ solid solution mainly plays a vital role in generating the oxygen vacancies as the interface active species, which can participate in stripping –OH from ethanol, then the carbocation will also be released, which only needs 1.3805 kcal/mol energy, calculated by density functional theory (DFT), to be input. In comparison, the traditional reaction mechanism needs the Brønsted acidic sites to promote the protonation of ethanol, then dehydration and subsequent formation of carbocation followed, and 108.6846 kcal/mol energy needs to be input, which is far higher than that of the new mechanism. The apparent activation energy (E_a) over SCWZ was measured by experiment to be 34.09 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that of SWZ (47.10 kJ/mol) and SZ (54.37 kJ/mol), illustrating comparatively preferable kinetics for SCWZ than that of SWZ and SZ. Besides, the conversion of aniline and selectivity to N,N-diethylaniline over SCWZ reach almost 100% and 73%, respectively. The SCWZ can be renewed for 4 times without rapid deactivation, and the longevity of SCWZ is longer than that of SWZ and SZ, as the loaded SO₄²⁻ and tetragonal ZrO₂ are stabilized by Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ and WO₃, respectively.     

Impact of gas formation on the transfer of Ti and O from TiO2-bearing basic-fluoride fluxes to submerged arc welded metals: A thermodynamic approach

Gas-slag-metal equilibrium calculations are performed to investigate the transfer of Ti and O to submerged arc welded metals with increasing TiO₂ addition in basic-fluoride fluxes. The results indicate that activities of TiO₂ and Ti₂O₃ considering slag-metal reactions alone do not account for Ti transfer behaviors since TiF₃ gas tends to form and reduce Ti-oxide activities. Thermodynamic simulation indicates that consideration of gases is essential to improve the prediction accuracy of Ti and O concentrations.     

齐大山铁矿南帮含水构造带探测研究

为解决采空区突发涌水给矿山安全生产带来的安全威胁,以齐大山铁矿为研究对象,以高密度电阻率法含水构造带理论模型的正演模拟研究为基础,运用高密度电阻率法对采场南帮含水构造带的异常范围进行了圈定;运用瞬变电磁法进行了二次探测,并对高密度电阻率法所圈定的异常范围进行了验证。研究表明:含水构造带显示为低阻异常特征,在高密度电阻率法探测成果图中显示的两处低阻异常与含水构造带理论模型的正演模拟结果一致;同时,在瞬变电磁法探测成果图中显示的低阻区域均在高密度电阻率法所圈定的低阻异常范围内,二者相互验证,这两处低阻异常均为含水构造带的地球物理异常特征的显示,表明采用高密度电阻率法和瞬变电磁法组合识别技术可实现对隐伏含水构造带的先导性探测。     

Effects of friction-stir processing with water cooling on the properties of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy

An Al–Zn–Mg–Cu (Al-7B04) aluminium alloy in two conditions, i.e. with an artificial aging (7B04-AA) temper and with an annealing (7B04-O) temper, was friction-stir processed using water cooling, and the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the stir zone (SZ) were investigated. Compared with the samples subjected to air cooling, the SZs of water-cooled samples were strengthened, and the degree of strengthening depended on the initial base metal temper. For friction-stir-processed material after an 7B04-O temper, the efficiency of strengthening was relatively high due not only to the refinement of grains and strengthening precipitates but also due to the high solution level in the SZ. In contrast, the slight strengthening of friction-stir-processed 7B04-AA resulted solely from grain refinement.     

基于现场监测与数值模拟的浅层采空区稳定性分析

隐患采空区是目前影响露天开采矿山安全生产的主要危害源之一。随着台阶开采的不断剥离,露天开采境界内各台阶与地下空区群的隔离层厚度越来越薄,随时有可能发生采空区顶板坍塌事故。考虑到露天矿采空区地质赋存条件和围岩稳固性等特征,以弓长岭露天铁矿浅层采空区为工程背景,运用现场监测和数值模拟相结合的手段综合分析了浅层采空区的稳定性。将液体静力水准地表沉降监测系统的监测数据与FLAC数值模拟结果对比,调整蠕变参数使得数值模拟的蠕变速率与现场监测结果一致,而后据此进行未来结果的预测。最终根据地表沉降数据确定的蠕变参数取值为A=1.0×10^-12、m=1.75、n=0.35。研究表明:静力水准测点地表最大沉降位移为-9.8 mm,蠕变计算结果顶板最大垂直位移约20.4 mm,应力最大值约25 MPa,综合分析显示该采空区较稳定。上述研究提供了一种基于采空区现场监测数据的数值模拟蠕变分析方法,可为类似矿山采空区稳定性分析提供借鉴。     

钢铁生产的水能关系分析

从钢铁生产过程中水资源使用时的能耗角度研究了钢铁联合企业的水能关系，提出了水能强度的概念来评价企业生产过程中水资源利用的节能水平，建立了钢铁企业的水能关系模型。以中国某大型钢铁联合企业为例，计算并分析了该企业的水能关系。该企业总的水能量为55 709 kW·h/h，重复用水水能量占整个钢铁企业全部水能量的82%，补水水能量占16%，排水水能量占1%；各工序中热轧工序占比最大，其次是炼铁、炼钢工序，冷轧、烧结和炼焦工序较低。该企业的吨钢水能强度为0.208 kW·h/m3，炼铁工序的水能强度最高，热轧、炼钢工序次之，烧结、冷轧和炼焦工序较低。最后，从钢铁生产过程水资源利用的角度得到节能的方向及措施。     

一种基于鲁棒随机向量函数链接网络的磨矿粒度集成建模方法

作为磨矿过程的主要生产质量指标, 磨矿粒度是实现磨矿过程闭环优化控制的关键.将磨矿粒度控制在一定范围内能够提高选别作业的精矿品位和有用矿物的回收率, 并减少有用矿物的金属流失.由于经济和技术上的限制, 磨矿粒度的实时测量难以实现.因此, 磨矿粒度的在线估计显得尤为重要.然而, 目前我国所处理的铁矿石大多数为性质不稳定的赤铁矿, 其矿浆颗粒存在磁团聚现象, 所采集的数据存在大量异常值, 使得利用数据建立的磨矿粒度模型存在较大误差.同时, 传统前馈神经网络在磨矿粒度数据建模过程中存在收敛速度慢、易于陷入局部最小值等缺点, 且单一模型泛化性能较差, 现有的集成学习在异常值干扰下性能严重下降.因此, 本文在改进的随机向量函数链接网络(random vector functional link networks, RVFLN)的基础上, 将Bagging算法与自适应加权数据融合技术相结合, 提出一种基于鲁棒随机向量函数链接网络的集成建模方法, 用于磨矿粒度集成建模.所提方法首先通过基准回归问题进行了实验研究, 然后采用磨矿工业实际数据进行验证, 表明其有效性.      

电弧喷涂技术制备复合金属涂层新进展

电弧喷涂技术具有高效率、低能耗、操作简单等优点,是制备复合金属涂层最常用的手段。本文综述了国内外利用电弧喷涂技术制备锌铝涂层、铁基合金涂层、镍基合金涂层的最新研究进展。最后,展望了用电弧喷涂制备复合金属涂层的发展方向。